@article{chang2025zeppelin,
  author={Chang Chen and Tiancheng Chen and Jiangfei Duan and Qianchao Zhu and Zerui Wang and Qinghao Hu and Peng Sun and Xiuhong Li and Chao Yang and Torsten Hoefler},
  title={{Zeppelin: Balancing Variable-length Workloads in Data Parallel Large Model Training}},
  journal={arXiv:2509.21841v2},
  year={2025},
  month={Sep.},
  doi={10.48550/arXiv.2509.21841},
}